A closer look at how MPI deals with young accident victims
by Steven Fletcher
Over the past couple of months, Manitoba Public Insurance (MPI) has received much publicity. It has enjoyed a $100-million surplus this year, largely due to investment income and windfall in revenue because of new car sales.
The question for MPI now is what to do with all this money? MPI and the provincial government decided a one-time rate reduction for motorists and a donation of $20 million to university infrastructure would be a great way to spend the money. This donation to post-secondary educational institutions was met with public outrage. Why should automobile ratepayers subsidize university infrastructure? Many people claimed the extra money should go to the people who pay for the insurance. The government wisely listened to the people and MPI withdrew the donation, instead deciding to increase the ratepayer discount. Though this may have been a wise political decision, in my opinion it was the wrong way to go.
I believe MPI must focus on the insurance-benefits side of the equation. If there is extra money, it should first go to improve benefits.
A large number of people who are suffering because of automobile accidents are not getting the insurance benefits they thought they would receive when first buying their insurance. Two of the founding principles of MPI are to restore an individual's quality of life as much as practical to the level it was before the accident and to compensate individuals for economic loss due to the accident.
I feel MPI fails on both counts.
Why do I care?
At the age of 23, six months after graduating from engineering, I hit a moose with my car on the highway between Winnipeg and Bissett, a small town three hours northeast of Winnipeg.
The accident left me paralyzed from the neck down - a high-level quadriplegic (C4). The injury has left me with medical, social, psychological and financial issues I still have trouble comprehending.
Since I could not come close to articulating the medical, social or psychological issues, for the purpose of this article I will focus on the financial implications of my accident.
MPI claims to compensate individuals for economic loss due to a car accident, yet this did not happen. Just about anyone involved in an accident is not compensated appropriately. This is particularly true if the accident is catastrophic in nature (i.e., spinal cord injury, brain injury) and if the victim is a young person.
A young person in a catastrophic accident sees a double-whammy effect, of which I know firsthand.
My belief is that everyone should be concerned about this, since it can happen to anyone. Many who read this article may have their lives affected by MPI legislation.
Even for a young person in a relatively minor accident, the financial implications can be severe. Here are a few scenarios to illustrate the points.
Economic Loss of Salary
Scenario one-A student involved in a car accident that prevents her or him from working will be granted an income replacement based on the average industrial wage in Manitoba, which is approximately $30,000.
Therefore, a medical student involved in an accident and who is one course away from completion of his or her degree will be deemed to earn $30,000 for the rest of their life. Even though that med student could probably earn a seven-digit salary soon after graduation, it does not matter.
So, any student in Manitoba, who is involved in a serious car accident and reliant on income replacement will be granted the $30,000, regardless of what they were studying, how close they were to graduation, what their goals were in life, or what they would potentially have earned in the future.
Scenario two -Say you are a recent university graduate working in an entry-level position earning $25,000 and you get into a car accident. Your salary would be frozen at 90 per cent of the level you were earning at the time of your accident. It doesn't matter that in five years you would have been earning $50,000, $75,000 or more -you will be stuck at $22,500 for the rest of your life.
Scenario three -You graduate from university and land a $100,000-a-year job, and then get into a car accident. The maximum income replacement is $55,000. If you earn more than $55,000 a year, which is a definite possibility as a university graduate, you will not be compensated for any amount over $55,000.
Lump sum payments
For injuries which can "heal," like broken bones and whiplash, there is no compensation. For permanent types of injuries, there are lump sum payments. However, under the current insurance scheme the lump sum payments are inadequate.
First, there is no compensation for pain and suffering. Second, body parts are assigned an arbitrary value based on a "meat chart." For example, a finger is worth $3000, a leg is worth $10,000, an eye is worth $25,000 and so on.
The "meat chart" equalizes the value of different body parts so that in real terms they are worth approximately the same. In other words, while the severity of an injury is exponential, it is compensated on a linear scale. Using MPI logic, the worst types of injuries are worth approximately the same as much less severe injuries.
The maximum compensation for any type of injury is $100,000. There is a tremendous difference between being a quadriplegic and being a paraplegic, but the compensation is about the same over time (and regardless, both compensation levels are too low). Interestingly, my injury wasn't even on the chart. The differences in quality of life and expenses due to different types of injuries are mind-boggling. If you experience a brain injury, are blinded, lose your hearing and are paralyzed -add any other deformity you would like -the maximum is still $100,000.
Age is not taken into consideration, either.
A 19-year-old who experiences an injury is compensated the same as a 99-year-old with the same type of injury. Obviously, the 19-year-old will experience a great deterioration in the quality of life and will incur greater economic loss due to the injury than the 99-year-old. This is particularly true with the more serious injuries. MPI does not recognize the value of youth. I don't think any of this is fair -do you?
Long-term care
One of the most important issues an individual with a catastrophic injury has to deal with is long-term care.
Though MPI claims to sustain the quality of life of an individual as much as practical, its long-term policies do not support this claim. A young person involved in an automobile accident is likely to end up in a long-term institutional care facility, like a nursing home.
After my accident, I faced the prospect of institutional living for the rest of my life. If you are in a similar type of accident, you will have to fight tooth-and-nail to stay in the community. How many young people have had their hopes and dreams evaporate because there is no long-term community living available?
MPI claims it covers the expenses incurred in automobile accidents. Yet this is not the case. For example, there are very low caps on things like attendant care. If your care needs exceed the $3,000 cap per month -and in catastrophic injuries they surely will -you may be institutionalized, or the provincial government may pick up the difference. (If it does, then taxpayers are subsidizing MPI's obligations.)
In both scenarios, you end up being stuck in Manitoba because the government portion is not mobile. In essence, if you incur a serious disability because of an automobile accident, you do not have the right, as every other Canadian does, to live anywhere in Canada.
It can be said that people with severe disabilities are discriminated against under the current MPI legislation. Ironically, MPI legislation was implemented with the intent of improving benefits for people with severe disabilities caused by automobile accidents. However, the legislation does not address issues of individuals with severe disabilities. MPI can help prevent this by providing adequate funding for long-term care.
If you think...
If you think you can sustain a serious injury and then work to offset the costs of your injury, you are wrong. MPI will call back almost every nickel you earn from your income replacement. It is actually possible to lose financially if you return to work under the current MPI scheme.
If you think the Canadian Pension Plan will save you, you are wrong. MPI calls back the CPP benefits from your income replacement as well, even though CPP is contributed to separately and is a completely independent plan.
If you think you can get private insurance as a young person to help cover the costs, you are probably wrong. Very few young people qualify or can afford insurance to protect themselves from these types of accidents.
If you think you can hire a lawyer to sue MPI, you are wrong. Under the current no-fault system, you cannot sue MPI or anyone else if it is an automobile accident. (Under the previous system, which used tort law, there were many scenarios where suing wouldn't help either. But that's another story.)
If you think you can appeal decisions made by MPI, it is difficult. To appeal a decision you need a lawyer. Even if you are successful with your appeal (and I have been), you still lose money to lawyer fees, which can be substantial.
MPI will not reimburse you for lawyer expenses, even if you are successful. To make appeals even more unfair, MPI has several floors full of lawyers in their Eaton Place offices, all of them ready to fight appeals. In essence, your insurance dollars go to lawyers paid to fight against you! You are paying both for your lawyer and for their lawyer.
There are some very important positive aspects to the MPI coverage. MPI does help with vocational rehabilitation, physical rehabilitation, and medical expenses such as equipment and medication.
The no-fault system has a tremendous amount of potential, but the substantial problems with MPI coverage need to be fixed. I have been lobbying for changes to MPI legislation and policies since my accident five years ago on January 11, 1996. My experience with MPI is what first drew me into politics.
Before my accident, I did not give much thought to these types of issues. Yet since my accident, my eyes have been opened wide and I have realized the injustices which go on in our medical system and our insurance coverage.
I am determined to contribute to making MPI and other types of insurance fair and equitable. For years I was told there wasn't enough money. My feelings of disgust resurfaced after the recent announcement by MPI of donations and rate cuts. MPI is not compensating accident victims to the level I believe Manitobans expect.
MPI policies are also particularly harsh on young people. I never thought my position as UMSU president and my experiences with MPI would intersect, but here we are. This is why, as your student union president, I spoke out against the $20-million donation by MPI to post-secondary institutions. This article has just touched the tip of the iceberg on the MPI issue.
I believe that if MPI is interested in helping students, it should improve benefits for young people. And if the government is serious about funding university infrastructure, then it should do so itself.