eViL tRoLl wrote:It was invented for energy savings because fewer lights would be turned on in businesses, but many years of study have shown that there are no changes in electricity consumption whatsoever, even without CFL bulbs! Saskatchewan has got it right not to join into this nonsense.
Actually, this part is wrong.
It was proposed so someone could collect bugs, and someone else could play golf.
And energy savings have been proven to be true...but not hugely significant...yet.
Although not punctual in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve equal hours regardless of
day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer.
For example, Roman
water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's
latitude the third hour from sunrise,
hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02
solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter
solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes.
[13] After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so
civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some
Mount Athos monasteries
and some Jewish ceremonies.
During his time as an American envoy to France,
Benjamin Franklin, author of the proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that
Parisians economize on
candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight.
This 1784
satire proposed taxing
shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise.
Franklin did not propose DST; like ancient Rome, 18th-century Europe did not keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as
rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.
Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand
entomologist George Vernon Hudson, whose
shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and made him aware of the value of after-hours daylight.
In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift,
and after considerable interest was expressed in
Christchurch, New Zealand he followed up in an 1898 paper.
Many publications incorrectly credit DST's invention to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman
William Willett,
who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many
Londoners slept through a large part of a summer day.
An avid
golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk.
His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later.
As described in
Politics below, Willett lobbied unsuccessfully for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915. Starting on 30 April 1916,
Germany, its
World War I allies, and their occupied zones were the first European nations to use Willett's invention as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918. Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals.
Willett's 1907 proposal argued that DST increases opportunities for outdoor
leisure activities during afternoon sunlight hours. The longer days nearer the summer solstice in high latitudes offer more room to shift daylight from morning to evening so that early morning daylight is not wasted.
DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker: workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark.
General agreement about the day's layout confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule usually outranks
ad hoc efforts to get up earlier, even for people who personally dislike the DST schedule.
The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their nominal work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight.
Energy useDST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the U.S. and Canada.
Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. As Franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, formerly a primary use of electricity.
Although
energy conservation remains an important goal,
energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then, and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results. Electricity use is greatly affected by geography, climate, and economics, making it hard to generalize from single studies.